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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic SPECT (99m)Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) scintigraphy on the assessment of reserve function of cirrhosis liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2010 to December 2011, 55 patients with cirrhosis liver were enrolled in this study. The case numbers of male and female were 43 and 12 respectively and the age was (51 ± 9) years (ranging from 35 to 69 years). After routine biochemistry test, CT scan and (99m)Tc-GSA dynamic SPECT scan were performed in turn using a juxtaposed SPECT/CT system. Then the morphologic volume of liver parenchyma (MLV), functional liver volume (FLV) and the hepatic cell absorption rate constant (GSA-K) were calculated. The correlations between GSA-K and routine biochemistry test, Child-Pugh score, indocyanine green clearance rate (ICG-K) were analyzed. The patients were further divided into 3 groups according to whether there was occlusion or stenosis in the main branch of left portal vein (group 1, n = 5), right portal vein (group 2, n = 13) or not (group 3, n = 37) and the regional hepatic functions index of the 3 groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The value of FLV of the whole, left and right liver was (594 ± 152) ml, (244 ± 119) ml and (356 ± 171) ml, respectively. There were correlations between GSA-K and total bilirubin, prothrombintime, Child-Pugh score and ICG-K (r = -0.730--0.298, P < 0.05). The FLV and MLV ratios of involved hemiliver to uninvolved hemiliver were 0.09 ± 0.06 and 0.30 ± 0.14 in group 1, 0.57 ± 0.43 and 1.08 ± 0.63 in group 2, 0.71 ± 0.30 and 0.71 ± 0.48 in group 3. The difference in MLV-FLV ratio was signifcant between group 1 and group 3, between group 2 and group 3 (P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The dynamic SPCECT (99m)Tc-GSA scintigraphy can not only assess the whole liver function of cirrhosis liver effectively, but also evaluate the variation of regional liver function accurately.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Function Tests , Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin , Metabolism , Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate , Metabolism , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-fluorothymidine(FLT) PET in monitoring the metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods Human CRC cell lines SW480 and SW620 were cultured and implanted into nude mice to create CRC models. Tumor growth,metastatic status and survival were assessed in CRC bearing mice. Uptake of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 cells was detected In vitro at 0,30,60,90,120 min after incubation. PET images of both tracers were acquired for SW480 and SW620 tumor-bearing mice using the small animal PET at 60 min after tracer injection. Region of interest (ROI) was drawn using Image J software on reconstructed PET images. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis of the tumor tissue were performed. The correlation between tracer uptake and tumor marker expression was evaluated using linear regression. Results Compared with SW620 tumor-bearing mice,SW480 induced tumor grew much faster ( t = - 3.332,P = 0.004),the tumor-bearing mice had more serious dyscrasia ( t = 2.240,P = 0.038 ),shorter survival and higher metastatic rate. In vitro study,the uptake of both 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in SW620 cells was lower than that in SW480 cells. 18F-FLT uptake was higher than 18F-FDG uptake in both SW480 and SW620 cells. After incubation for 60 min,the uptake of 18F-FDG in SW480 and SW620 cells was ( 1.76 ± 0.87 )% and ( 1.14 ± 0.38 )%,respectively ( t = - 2.507,P = 0.021 ); while the uptake of 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 cells was (5.21 ± 1.60)% and (2.90 ± 1.82)%,respectively (t =3.497,P =0.002). In micro-PET study,the 18F-FDG radioactivity ratio of tumor to non-tumor (T/NT) in SW480 and SW620 tumors was 2.69 ± 0.98 and 3.09 ± 1.26 respectively (t =0.657,P =0.524); while T/NT of 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 tumors was 3.65 ±0.51 and 2.22 ±0.42 (t =6.491,P ＜0.001 ),respectively. In immunocytochemistry and western blot assay,heat shock protein(HSP) 27,Integrin β3,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR2 ) and Ki67 were all over expressed in two kinds of tumor cells with different intensities. HSP27 and Integrin β3 expression was higher in SW480 cells than that in SW620 cells. While VEGFR and Ki67 expression was lower in SW480 cells than that in SW620 cells. The uptake of 18F-FLT closely correlated with the expression of HSP27 ( r =0.924,P =0.004) and Integrin β3 (r=0.813,P =0.025). 18F-FDG uptake inversely correlated with the survival of tumor-bearing mice (r =0.500,P=0.017). Conclusions The uptake of 18F-FDGand 18F-FLT may reflect different biological characteritics of CRC. High 18F-FLT uptake in CRC on PET scan may predict high metastatic tendency.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate whether 18F-fluorothymidine(FLT) can be used to monitor early response to irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods SW480 cells were cultured and irradiated with 0, 10, and 20 Gy.Twenty-four hours later, morphological changes, apoptosis, necrosis, proliferation,and cell cycle phases were observed.Uptake of 18F-FLT was measured in these tumors in vitro from 24 h to 72 h after irradiation.The one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.Results Apoptotic and necrotic cells were detected 24 h after radiotherapy.SW480 cells proliferation was significantly delayed after irradiation in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTI) assay.Cell cycle analysis showed that SW480 cells had a decreased fraction of cells in S phase( from 33.23% to 9.24%,then to 5.43% ) and an arrested fraction in G0-G1.After SW480 cells were cultured for60 min, the uptake of 18F-FLT was (5.21 ± 1.60) %; and 24 h after irradiation of 10 Gy, the uptake decreased significantly to (4.27±0.48)% (F=8.253, P=0.009).And 72 h after irradiation, the uptake further decreased significantly to (3.39 ± 0.59) % ( F = 36.715, P＜0.001 ).In tumor tissue, the uptake of 18F-FLT reduced significantly 72 h after radiotherapy (10 Gy:F = 12.388, P = 0.007; 20 Gy:F = 16.744, P = 0.004) and the attenuation degree increased with the radiation dose.Conclusion The uptake of 18F-FLT in SW480 cells or in CRC could reflect the changes of SW480 cells in proliferation, cell cycle re-distribution, cell apoptosis and necrosis.The results suggest that 18F-FLT may be used for monitoring early response to irradiation of CRC.